Predlozi za vreme: IN, AT, ON

Predlozi su reči koje označavaju mesto, vreme i pravac i uvek stoje ispred imenice ili zamenice, nikad uz glagole. Postoje tri važne vrste predloga u engleskom jeziku:

  • predlozi za vreme (in, at, on),
  • mesto (in, at, on),
  • i pravac (up, down, under, left, right etc.)

Mi ćemo se koncentrisati na predloge za vreme i mesto. Najviše ljudi ima problem prilikom njihove upotrebe u rečenici, jer su dosta slični. U ovom članku pojasnićemo upotrebu predloga za vreme.

PREDLOZI ZA VREME

Predlog IN

Predlog „in” možemo upotrebiti kada pričamo o

  • vremenu (prošlost, sadašnjost i budućnost):

In the past, people did not have cell phones.
Let’s go to a different restaurant in the future.
He couldn’t make it in time for the cake!

  • godinama ili vekovima:

I was born in 1894, on a cold October day.
In the 18th century, people liked to wear hats a lot.

  • godišnjim dobima:

I like the smell of freshly cut grass in spring.
In fall we like to go hiking.
Tom doesn’t like to go out that much in summer, because it is too hot.

Ovaj predlog koristimo uvek uz

  • mesece i nedelje:

My birthday is in May. I can’t wait to invite everyone to my party!
My poor garden hasn’t seen rain in 5 weeks!

  • određeno doba dana:

I like to take showers in the evening, never in the morning.
His grandfather usually takes naps in the afternoon.

Izuzetak – uz imenicu „night“ koristimo „at“:

He gets a little bit scared at night because of the dark.

 

Predlog ON

Dok „in” koristimo za mesece i nedelje, „on” se koristi za tačno određene datume. Na primer:

On the 14th February, you are supposed to drink fine wine, not buy flowers.
He was born on the 7th July.

Trebalo bi pomenuti skoro neprimetnu razliku između fraza „in time“ i „on time“:

  • „in time“ – kada je neko stigao taman na vreme, dakle, nije zakasnio,
  • „on time“ – kada je neko stigao tačno na vreme.

He didn’t come on time for dinner, but he came in time for the dessert.

Predlog „on” koristi se kada hoćemo da opišemo određeni dan nekog praznika:

On Christmas day we gather for a family lunch.
She broke up with me on my birthday.
Thankfully, the weather was beautiful on our wedding day.

U engleskom jeziku uvek se koristi predlog „on“ ispred dana u nedelji (a ne „in“ kao što većina ljudi misli zbog doslovnog prevođenja sa srpskog jezika):

I have a big test on Monday, so I cannot go with you shopping this weekend.
Can you call me back on Sunday? I am busy today.

 

Predlog AT

Ovaj predlog je jedan od najčešće korišćenih u engleskom jeziku, ali i jedan od onih koji muče svakoga ko želi da nauči ovaj jezik. To je zbog toga, jer se ova reč na srpski prevodi kao “u“, „na“ i „za“. Bez brige, sad ćemo objasniti kada i kako se može upotrebiti.

Za kazivanje vremena (19:00h, 14:00h, 16:15h):

I put the children to sleep at 9:00 pm.
The concert stats at exactly 20:15pm, do not be late!

Prisetimo se da se predlog „on“ upotrebljava kada govorimo o danu nekog praznika, dok „at“, sa druge strane, upotrebljavamo samo kada govorimo o samom prazniku (bez „day“):

We can wear something red at Christmas, if you like?
At Easter we like to go around the church.

Što se tiče reči „weekend“, prema engleskoj gramatici trebalo bi koristiti predlog „at“ („at the weekend“). Ali se često čuje i fraza „on the weekend“. Postoji objašnjenje za to. Jedina razlika je ta što se u američkom engleskom jeziku upotrebljava predlog „on“, a u britanskom engleskom predlog „at“.

Da sumiramo:

IN

  • periodi vremena (in the future, in the past)
  • godine i vekovi (in 1932, in th 19th century)
  • godišnja doba (in summer, in spring)
  • meseci i nedelje (in October, in 5 weeks)
  • doba dana (in the morning, in the evening)

ON

  • datumi (on the 14th March)
  • dan određenog praznika ili događaja (on Chrismas day, on their wdding day, on New Years Eve)
  • dani u nedelji (on Moday, on Sunday, on Saturday night)

AT

  • kazivanje vremena (at 4 o’clock, at 9:00 am)
  • praznici ili proslave (at Christmas, at the wedding, at Easter)
  • vikend i reč „night“ (at the weekend, at night)

 

Vežba:

  1. Could you please put this box _____ this table?
  2. Where is Marry? She is _____ the mall with her friends.
  3. I am going _____ vacation this week. I cannot wait!
  4. We have a trip coming up _____ August.
  5. She isn’t _____ home, she is _____ her piano practice.

 

 

Tekst napisala: Jelena Paunović